Source / 01Documentaries and video archive
32. Gün Archive "Son Darbe: 28 Şubat" (The Last Coup)
The foundational documentary by Mehmet Ali Birand's team, built on interviews with the process's principal actors. Single-part upload: youtube.com/watch?v=DVTCRVDl_DU · Episode 1 of the series: youtube.com/watch?v=0WgMlVFljV4 · Playlist: series playlist
TRT archive documentary February 28
The public broadcaster's documentary with witnesses of the period: youtube.com/watch?v=DSvEqMeWAM0. Also instructive for seeing today's official framing; best watched against this site's thesis.
Yusuf Kayaalp a February 28 explainer
A narrative video summarising the process for younger audiences: youtube.com/watch?v=NsXyKEDjSL0
Period footage on YouTube
Productive searches for primary footage: "Sincan tank geçişi 1997", "irtica brifingi 1997", "Merve Kavakçı 2 Mayıs 1999", "28 Şubat MGK arşiv", "Fethullah Gülen 1999 ATV kaset". Much of the era's prime-time news has been digitised. For English-language context, search "postmodern coup Turkey 1997" and "February 28 process Turkey".
Source / 02Books
Mehmet Ali Birand & Reyhan Yıldız Son Darbe: 28 Şubat (Doğan Kitap, 2012)
The book of the documentary; the most comprehensive journalistic account, from the command chain to the politicians. The main cross-check source for this site's chronology.
Erkan Yüksel Medya Güvenlik Kurulu ("The Media Security Council", Anadolu University, 2004)
The pioneering study documenting, with systematic data, the synchrony between NSC agendas and newspaper front pages the empirical basis of the "media-assisted coup" definition.
Hulki Cevizoğlu Generalinden 28 Şubat İtirafı: "Postmodern Darbe" (2001)
Contains the interview in which General Staff Secretary-General Erol Özkasnak embraces the term "postmodern coup" the interventionist mindset on the record, in its own words.
Merve Kavakçı Başörtüsüz Demokrasi (Timaş, 2004) and her English-language academic work
The first-hand account of May 2, 1999 from its principal witness; Kavakçı's later academic writing in English (as Merve Kavakçı İslam) on headscarf politics offers non-Turkish readers an entry point.
Source / 03Scholarship, rulings and reports
DergiPark peer-reviewed article pool
On dergipark.org.tr, searches for "28 Şubat", "postmodern darbe", "Batı Çalışma Grubu" and "28 Şubat medya" return dozens of peer-reviewed studies in political science, communications and education. Postgraduate theses can be searched at the Council of Higher Education's thesis centre (tez.yok.gov.tr).
ECtHR Grand Chamber Yüksel Yalçınkaya v. Türkiye (App. No. 15669/20, Sept 26, 2023)
The Grand Chamber judgment finding the ByLock-based conviction practice in violation of Articles 6, 7 and 11 the foundational text on the international-law standing of the post-2016 mass trials. Full text via the Court's HUDOC database (hudoc.echr.coe.int) by application number.
UN and Council of Europe records
The UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention's Türkiye opinions and the OHCHR's emergency-rule reports are searchable at ohchr.org; the Venice Commission's opinions on the decree-law regime at venice.coe.int. Primary international records documenting the present-day scale of February 28's methodological legacy.
The February 28 trial record · NSC Decision 406 · the NSC decision of August 25, 2004
The 18 points of Decision 406 survive in the period's official and press record; the February 28 trial's indictment and reasoned judgments are in legal databases and press archives; the 2004 NSC document is accessible through the November 2013 press coverage that published it. Reading the primary documents allows independent audit of every claim on this site.
Source / 04Newspaper archives
The period's newspapers (1996–1999)
The front-page runs of February 1997 and June 1999 in the digital archives of Hürriyet, Milliyet, Sabah and Cumhuriyet are primary sources in themselves the February 28 media regime on display. The National Library's periodicals collection (mkutup.gov.tr) holds the print runs. Re-reading those front pages today is the fastest test of this site's media claims.
Source / 05Following on X (Twitter)
Documented threads
Around every anniversary, long documented threads with period clippings circulate on X. Since fixed links rot quickly, we recommend live searches: "28 Şubat" belge · "28 Şubat" andıç · "Batı Çalışma Grubu" · "ikna odaları". In late February, testimony and document threads cluster under the #28Şubat hashtag.
Using social-media sources
The site's rule applies to X content too: a clipping or document shared in a thread does not count as fact until verified against the original archive record. Threads are guides; archives are binding.